Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 62 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-b}-2 x}{\sqrt {2+b}}\right )}{\sqrt {2+b}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-b}+2 x}{\sqrt {2+b}}\right )}{\sqrt {2+b}} \]
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Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 62, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.167, Rules used = {1175, 632, 210} \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-b}+2 x}{\sqrt {b+2}}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-b}-2 x}{\sqrt {b+2}}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2}} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 1175
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2-b} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2-b} x+x^2} \, dx \\ & = -\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2-b-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {2-b}+2 x\right )-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2-b-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {2-b}+2 x\right ) \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {-\sqrt {2-b}+2 x}{\sqrt {2+b}}\right )}{\sqrt {2+b}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2-b}+2 x}{\sqrt {2+b}}\right )}{\sqrt {2+b}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 124, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.00 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\frac {\frac {\left (2-b+\sqrt {-4+b^2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {-4+b^2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {-4+b^2}}}+\frac {\left (-2+b+\sqrt {-4+b^2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {-4+b^2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {-4+b^2}}}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-4+b^2}} \]
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Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\ln \left (-x^{2} \sqrt {-2-b}+x \left (2+b \right )+\sqrt {-2-b}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-2-b}}+\frac {\ln \left (-x^{2} \sqrt {-2-b}+\left (-2-b \right ) x +\sqrt {-2-b}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-2-b}}\) | \(74\) |
default | \(\frac {\left (-2+\sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}+b \right ) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {2 \sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}+2 b}}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}\, \sqrt {2 \sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}+2 b}}+\frac {\left (2+\sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}-b \right ) \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {-2 \sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}+2 b}}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}\, \sqrt {-2 \sqrt {\left (b -2\right ) \left (2+b \right )}+2 b}}\) | \(124\) |
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Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 101, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.63 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\left [-\frac {\sqrt {-b - 2} \log \left (\frac {x^{4} - {\left (b + 4\right )} x^{2} - 2 \, {\left (x^{3} - x\right )} \sqrt {-b - 2} + 1}{x^{4} + b x^{2} + 1}\right )}{2 \, {\left (b + 2\right )}}, \frac {\sqrt {b + 2} \arctan \left (\frac {x^{3} + {\left (b + 1\right )} x}{\sqrt {b + 2}}\right ) + \sqrt {b + 2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {b + 2}}\right )}{b + 2}\right ] \]
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Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 88, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.42 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=- \frac {\sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}} \log {\left (x^{2} + x \left (- b \sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}} - 2 \sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}}\right ) - 1 \right )}}{2} + \frac {\sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}} \log {\left (x^{2} + x \left (b \sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}} + 2 \sqrt {- \frac {1}{b + 2}}\right ) - 1 \right )}}{2} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{x^{4} + b x^{2} + 1} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{x^{4} + b x^{2} + 1} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 73, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.18 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+b x^2+x^4} \, dx=\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {b+2}}\right )+\mathrm {atan}\left (\left (b+2\right )\,\left (x\,\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {b+2}}+\frac {\frac {4}{b+2}-1}{\left (b-2\right )\,\sqrt {b+2}}\right )+\frac {x^3\,\left (\frac {2\,b}{b+2}-1\right )}{\left (b-2\right )\,\sqrt {b+2}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {b+2}} \]
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